![]() Specifically, members of East Asian cultures tend to be holistic in their thinking patterns, attending to and interpreting a given event contextually and as a whole, whereas members of North American cultures tend to be analytic thinkers, selectively attending to focal objects, and events independent from context and interpreting a given event by focusing on salient information ( Nisbett et al., 2001 Nisbett, 2003 Nisbett and Masuda, 2003 Nisbett and Miyamoto, 2005). Since cultural psychology has launched under the assumption that culture and psyche mutually construct one another in that our cultural meanings and practices bring rise to culturally specific ways of thinking and behaving, which in turn maintain culture ( Bruner, 1990 Markus and Kitayama, 1991 Shweder, 1991), numerous studies have demonstrated that there are systematic cultural variations in cognition and perception. The Cyclical Nature of Culture and Psyche The bidirectional influence of culture and implications for furthering the discipline of cultural psychology will be discussed. The results showed cultural variations in artworks and masterpieces as well as substantial “cultural drifts” ( Herskovits, 1948) where at certain time periods in history and in development, people's expressions deviated from culturally default patterns but occasionally returned to its previous state. To explore the dynamics of historical and ontogenetic influence on artistic expressions, we examined (1) 17–20th century Japanese and Western landscape masterpieces, and (2) cross-sectional adolescent data in landscape artworks alongside previous findings of elementary school-aged children, and undergraduates. Research on cultural products suggest that there are substantial cultural variations between East Asian and European landscape masterpieces and contemporary members' landscape artwork ( Masuda et al., 2008c), and that these cultural differences in drawing styles emerge around the age of 8 ( Senzaki et al., 2014b). 3Department of Psychology, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. ![]() 2Department of Human Development, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA.1Culture and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.It feels no surprise that the haiku was created by Zen monks.Kristina Nand 1 Takahiko Masuda 1 * Sawa Senzaki 2 Keiko Ishii 3 In Matsuo Basho’s poem Dewdrop, let me cleanse, the reader can experience his connection to nature, his seeking relief from pain, his surrender to the imperfection of life. Matsuo Basho described haiku as “Simply what is happening in this place at this moment.” What is human, what is nature, what is happening is reflected in these short, three-lined poems. ![]() The original Japanese form takes sounds and breath into account, and are typically shorter than the English counterparts that followed in later years. Haiku are poems that must be 5, 7, 5 in syllables. Haiku Poems Dewdrop, let me cleanse in your brief sweet waters. Such is the way of Zen, and such is the way of how Zen has found its way into design.ġ5. Modern Design House I is an example of how to find that peaceful space within a space that wouldn’t normally allow for it. Tokyo, a crowded compact metropolis, is quite the Zen challenger. Kojima said, “ not about living in empty rooms or areas, but about creating true well-being for body and soul.” The two-story house creates space where there is little. Architect, Ryushi Kojima, designed Modern Zen Design House in 2012 in Tokyo.
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